Cellulose/hydroxyapatite composite as an innovative sustainable material for food packaging applications

This review examines the potential of cellulose-based composites reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic food packaging. The article explores the environmental and food safety challenges associated with petroleum-based packaging and evaluates how cellulose, a renewable and biodegradable material, can be enhanced through the addition of HA.

Key topics include the structure and properties of cellulose/HA composites, fabrication approaches, antibacterial functionality, mechanical performance, biodegradability, and the role of these materials in extending food shelf life and improving packaging sustainability.

The review concludes that cellulose/HA composites offer a promising combination of biodegradability, improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antimicrobial activity, making them attractive candidates for next-generation food packaging. Hydroxyapatite can reinforce cellulose matrices while helping inhibit microbial growth, addressing both environmental and food preservation objectives. The authors highlight that cellulose/HA materials may reduce dependence on persistent plastic packaging and support circular economy goals. At the same time, they identify important areas for future research, including optimization of barrier properties, assessment of chemical migration and food-contact safety, evaluation of large-scale production feasibility, and investigation of degradation behavior under real-world conditions. These considerations are critical for advancing the practical adoption of cellulose-based packaging technologies.

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