This review examines the role of cellulose acetate as a sustainable membrane material for water treatment within the framework of the circular economy. The article explores how cellulose acetate’s biodegradability, availability, and chemical versatility make it an attractive alternative to conventional petroleum-based membrane materials. It surveys recent advances in cellulose acetate membranes and composites for water purification, focusing on their design, functionalization, and application in the removal of heavy metals, pharmaceutical contaminants, dyes, salts, and other pollutants from water streams.
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