Microplastics in cosmetics: Open questions and sustainable opportunities

This review examines the growing effort to replace microplastics in cosmetic formulations with more sustainable materials, focusing on the environmental, health, and regulatory drivers behind this transition. Within this context, cellulose and cellulose-derived materials, including cellulose acetate, are presented as promising alternatives to conventional plastic microbeads used in skincare, haircare, and make-up products.

The article reviews the functions traditionally provided by microplastics in cosmetics, evolving global regulations, and the range of natural, semi-synthetic, and biodegradable materials being developed to maintain product performance while reducing environmental impact.

The authors identify cellulose acetate as a valuable cellulose ester that can contribute to cosmetic formulations through properties such as film formation, stabilization, thickening, and bioadhesion. Alongside other cellulose-based materials, it offers a renewable and potentially more sustainable pathway for replacing microplastic ingredients while supporting formulation functionality. The findings highlight the increasing importance of cellulose-derived materials as regulators strengthen restrictions on microplastics and consumer demand shifts toward environmentally responsible products. These developments are relevant for product innovation, regulatory compliance, and future research aimed at balancing cosmetic performance, sustainability, and safety.

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